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GEOGRAPHY
Geographic Location: The Republic of Bulgaria is situated in the North-Eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. It covers a territory of 110, 993 square kilometers. The Republic of Bulgaria borders on Romania to the North, Greece to the South, Turkey to the South-East, Serbia and Montenegro to the West and Macedonia to the South-West. The Black Sea is the natural eastern border of Bulgaria and its coastline is 378 km long.
Relief: Situated on a relatively small area, Bulgaria’s relief is quite varied, altitudes ranging from 0 and 2,925 m above sea level. The average altitude of the country is 470 meters above sea level. 30 percent of its territory is mountainous. The highest mountain is Rila with the highest peak on the Balkan Peninsula – Mount Musala (2925 m).
Natural phenomena: The unique arrangement of the rocks in Pobiti Kamani (fossil forest) locality near Varna will take your breath away; in the Rhodopes Mountains, you will be overwhelmed by the picturesque rocks of the Buynovsko and Trigradsko Gorges formed by mountain rivers for millions of years, or by the sight of Cape Emine at the Black Sea, where water and stone have sculptured the coastline. Even more exalted you will feel at the sight of the Belogradchik Rocks - a chain of fortification rocks and rock pieces, or amidst the mosaic of sand pyramids and old houses in Melnik. If you want to go back to nature, you can climb up the rock rivers (moraines) of Vitosha or climb down into the underground realm of the Uhlovitsa and the Yagodinska Caves. When you are at the top of the Balkan Mountain peaks, you will hear the legends about the folk hero Krali Marko, and in Krastova gora (the Forest of the Cross) you will source cosmic energy.
Climate: Winter temperatures in the country vary between 0 and –7° C. Very rarely temperatures may drop down to – 20° C. In spring, the climate is continental. Summers are hot and humid, especially in Northern Bulgaria, along the Danube. Summer temperatures in Southern Bulgaria are close to those of the Mediterranean – about 28 – 30° C. Autumns in Bulgaria are mild and pleasant. Rainfalls are most frequent in May, October and November.
Waters: The country is one of the richest in the world in mineral water springs. Mineral waters rich in salts and iron spring from the bowels of the earth. Over 75 percent of the mineral waters are warm to hot, with temperature from 37° Ń to 100° Ń. The Danube is the navigable river of Bulgaria, which connects it with Central and Western Europe. The interior of the country is strewn with rivers, the biggest of which are the Maritsa, the Strouma, the Yantra, the Iskar, the Vit. They together with a number of dams and mountain lakes form the country’s impressive water resources. One of the most remarkable landmarks to see are the Seven Rila Lakes. The big dams Dospat, Batak, Iskar, Arda are actively used for recreation, sports, tourism and fishing. The Black Sea Coast with its golden sand, big beaches, the authentic atmosphere of the towns and villages attract millions of tourists.
Flora and Fauna: There are 3 national parks, 9 nature parks, 89 reserves, and 2,234 natural landmarks in Bulgaria. Two of them – Pirin National Park and Srebarna Nature Reserve have been included in UNESCO’s list of World Heritage. Sustainable development and tourism is deemed central for the preservation of dozens of endemic plants and species, natural phenomena, century-old trees and simply virgin places in our
lands.
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